The question is not why Marxist socialism has never reached a higher stage of democracy than most Western societies. The question is why it fell so far below representative democracy that even glasnost — the partial restoration of democracy — turned out to be a colossal democratic step forward.
I believe that Marxism was defeated for the reasons that Mises and Hayek formulated in their argument about the problem of knowledge. In my interpretation, this argument not only resolutely refutes the traditional positions of the socialist economy, but also calls into question many more moderate programs of state management of market processes. Indeed, I believe that, broadly interpreted, this argument is relevant both to purely economic issues and to the problem of democracy. Perhaps, from this point of view, we will be able to take a different look at the prospects for the reform of the Soviet-style economy.
Glasnost brought the spirit of democracy to Soviet society, breathing life into a lifeless system of political domination. Glasnost legitimized the idea that the government should at least to some extent be guided by public opinion, that is, an open and public dialogue in which practically any citizen can participate. This includes the procedural principle of freedom of voting in elections, as well as fundamental principles such as freedom of speech and the press. Glasnost transformed not only politics in the narrow sense of the word, science, art, and the whole culture came to life. We are facing the action of a powerful social element.
However, the economy still has one foot in the grave. A joyful spirit of renewal prevails in many areas, but there is no end to hardships in economic life. Attempts to rebuild the economy have not been as successful as the liberation of politics and culture. How can we make the economy come to life, as science and culture in general have come to life?
When asking how to extend the spirit of democracy to the economy, it is necessary to clearly define the very concept of democracy. Here we are not talking about democracy in the narrow political sense of the word, referring to one form of representative government or another. Marx was right about at least one thing: democracy should apply to all areas of our lives, not just in a narrow sense to forms of government. The democratic spirit of glasnost concerns not only elections, but also the fundamental principles of human relations in all spheres of life. First of all, this does not apply to government, but to politics in the broader, Aristotelian sense of the word. Ramenbet Casino, Posh Friends ortaklık programından tamamen yeni bir girişimdir. Site, 1 Kasım 2023’te operasyonlarına başladı ve bu kısa sürede kumarbazlar arasında popülerlik kazanmayı başardı.